Researchers Create Strong and Lightweight Nanostructures Inspired by Nature

 Nanomaterials  

Structural nanomaterials have been developed by researchers using 3D laser lithography to create lightweight, high-strength material inspired by the the structure of bones, wood and bees' honeycombs.

Researchers have developed new bio-inspired lightweight microstructured materials with very high stability. Although the density of these materials is below that of water, their stability relative to their weight exceeds that of massive materials, such as high-performance steel or aluminum.

Natural lightweight materials, such as bone, are cellular solids with optimized architecture. They are structured hierarchically and actually consist of nanometer-size building blocks, providing a benefit from mechanical size effects.

"The novel lightweight construction materials resemble the framework structure of a half-timbered house with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal struts. Our beams, however, are only 10 µm in size."

The researchers demonstrated that materials with a designed micro-architecture, providing both structural advantages and size-dependent strengthening effects, can be fabricated. Using 3D laser lithography, they produced micro-truss and -shell structures from ceramic–polymer composites that exceed the strength-to-weight ratio of all engineering materials.

The lightweight construction materials are inspired by the framework structure of bones and the shell structure of the bees’ honeycombs. The results have been published in the journal PNAS.

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“The novel lightweight construction materials resemble the framework structure of a half-timbered house with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal struts,” says Jens Bauer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). “Our beams, however, are only 10 µm in size.” In total, the lightweight construction elements are about 50 µm long, wide, and high.

Microstructured materials are often used for insulation or as shock absorbers. Open-pore materials may be applied as filters in chemical industry.

“Nature also uses open-pore, non-massive structures for carrying loads,” Oliver Kraft, KIT, explains. Examples are wood and bones. At the same density, however, the novel material produced in the laboratory can carry a much higher load. A very high stability was reached by a shell structure similar to the structure of honeycombs. It failed at a pressure of 28 kg/mm2 only and had a density of 810 kg/m3. This exceeds the stability / density ratio of bones, massive steel, or aluminum. The shell structure produced resembles a honeycomb with slightly curved walls to prevent buckling.

To produce the lightweight construction materials, 3D laser lithography was applied. In the procedure laser beams harden the desired microstructure in a photoresist. Then, this structure is coated with a ceramic material by gas deposition. The structures produced were subjected to compression via a die to test their stability.




SOURCE  KIT

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